罗斯福原版英文演讲稿

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罗斯福原版英文演讲稿

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罗斯福原版英文演讲稿

　　罗斯福原版英文演讲稿 1

夜上海论坛　　mr. Vice President, mr. Speaker, members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:

夜上海论坛　　Yesterday, december 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.

　　The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.

夜上海论坛　　Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.

　　It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. during the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.

夜上海论坛　　The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

　　Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against malaya.

　　Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

　　Last night, Japanese forces attacked guam

夜上海论坛　　Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

　　Last night, the Japanese attacked wake Island.

　　And this morning, the Japanese attacked midway Island.

　　Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

　　As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.

　　No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

　　I believe that I interpret the will of the congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.

夜上海论坛　　Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.

　　with confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us god.

　　I ask that the congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, december 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

　　罗斯福原版英文演讲稿 2

　　mr. president, mr. speaker, members of the 77th congress:

　　i address you, the members of this new congress, at a moment unprecedented in the history of the union. i use the word “unprecedented” because at no previous time has american security been as seriously threatened from without as it is today.

　　since the permanent formation of our government under the constitution in 1789, most of the periods of crisis in our history have related to our domestic affairs. and, fortunately, only one of these -- the four-year war between the states -- ever threatened our national unity. today, thank god, 130,000,000 americans in 48 states have forgotten points of the compass in our national unity.

夜上海论坛　　it is true that prior to 1914 the united states often has been disturbed by events in other continents. we have even engaged in two wars with european nations and in a number of undeclared wars in the west indies, in the mediterranean and in the pacific, for the maintenance of american rights and for the principles of peaceful commerce. but in no case had a serious threat been raised against our national safety or our continued independence.

　　what i seek to convey is the historic truth that the united states as a nation has at all times夜上海论坛 maintained opposition -- clear, definite opposition -- to any attempt to lock us in behind an ancient chinese wall while the procession of civilization went past. today, thinking of our children and of their children, we oppose enforced isolation for ourselves or for any other part of the americas.

　　that determination of ours, extending over all these years, was proved, for example, in the early days during the quarter century of wars following the french revolution. while the napoleonic struggles did threaten interests of the united states because of the french foothold in the west indies and in louisiana, and while we engaged in the war of 1812 to vindicate our right to peaceful trade, it is nevertheless clear that neither france nor great britain nor any other nation was aiming at domination of the whole world.

　　and in like fashion, from 1815 to 1914 -- ninety-nine years -- no single war in europe or in asia constituted a real threat against our future or against the future of any other american nation.

　　except in the maximilian interlude in mexico, no foreign power sought to establish itself in this hemisphere. and the strength of the british fleet in the atlantic has been a friendly strength; it is still a friendly strength.

　　even when the world war broke out in 1914, it seemed to contain only small threat of danger to our own american future. but as time went on, as we remember, the american people began to visualize what the downfall of democratic nations might mean to our own democracy.

夜上海论坛　　we need not overemphasize imperfections in the peace of versailles. we need not harp on failure of the democracies to deal with problems of world reconstruction. we should remember that the peace of 1919 was far less unjust than the kind of pacification which began even before munich, and which is being carried on under the new order of tyranny that seeks to spread over every continent today. the american people have unalterably set their faces against that tyranny.

　　i suppose that every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in every part of the world -- assailed either by arms or by secret spreading of poisonous propaganda by those who seek to destroy unity and promote discord in nations that are still at peace. during 16 long months this assault has blotted out the whole pattern of democratic life in an appalling number of independent nations, great and small. and the assailants are still on the march, threatening other nations, great and small.

夜上海论坛　　therefore, as your president, performing my constitutional duty to "give to the congress information of the state of the union," i find it unhappily necessary to report that the future and the safety of our country and of our democracy are overwhelmingly involved in events far beyond our borders.

　　armed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents. if that defense fails, all the population and all the resources of europe and asia, and africa and austral-asia will be dominated by conquerors. and let us remember that the total of those populations in those four continents, the total of those populations and their resources greatly exceed the sum total of the population and the resources of the whole of the western hemisphere -- yes, many times over.

　　in times like these it is immature -- and, incidentally, untrue -- for anybody to brag that an unprepared america, single-handed and with one hand tied behind its back, can hold off the whole world.

　　no realistic american can expect from a dictator’s peace international generosity, or return of true independence, or world disarmament, or freedom of expression, or freedom of religion -- or even good business. such a peace would bring no security for us or for our neighbors. those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.

　　as a nation we may take pride in the fact that we are soft-hearted; but we cannot afford to be soft-headed. we must always be wary of those who with sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal preach the "ism" of appeasement. we must especially beware of that small group of selfish men who would clip the wings of the american eagle in order to feather their own nests.

　　i have recently pointed out how quickly the tempo of modern warfare could bring into our very midst the physical attack which we must eventually expect if the dictator nations win this war.

夜上海论坛　　there is much loose talk of our immunity from immediate and direct invasion from across the seas. obviously, as long as the british navy retains its power, no such danger exists. even if there were no british navy, it is not probable that any enemy would be stupid enough to attack us by landing troops in the united states from across thousands of miles of ocean, until it had acquired strategic bases from which to operate.

夜上海论坛　　but we learn much from the lessons of the past years in europe -- particularly the lesson of norway, whose essential seaports were captured by treachery and surprise built up over a series of years. the first phase of the invasion of this hemisphere would not be the landing of regular troops. the necessary strategic points would be occupied by secret agents and by their dupes -- and great numbers of them are already here and in latin america. as long as the aggressor nations maintain the offensive they, not we, will choose the time and the place and the method of their attack.

夜上海论坛　　and that is why the future of all the american republics is today in serious danger. that is why this annual message to the congress is unique in our history. that is why every member of the executive branch of the government and every member of the congress face great responsibility, great accountability. the need of the moment is that our actions and our policy should be devoted primarily -- almost exclusively -- to meeting this foreign peril. for all our domestic problems are now a part of the great emergency.

　　just as our national policy in internal affairs has been based upon a decent respect for the rights and the dignity of all our fellow men within our gates, so our national policy in foreign affairs has been based on a decent respect for the rights and the dignity of all nations, large and small. and the justice of morality must and will win in the end.

　　our national policy is this:

　　first, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to all-inclusive national defense.

　　secondly, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to full support of all those resolute people everywhere who are resisting aggression and are thereby keeping war away from our hemisphere. by this support we express our determination that the democratic cause shall prevail, and we strengthen the defense and the security of our own nation.

　　third, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to the proposition that principles of morality and considerations for our own security will never permit us to acquiesce in a peace dictated by aggressors and sponsored by appeasers. we know that enduring peace cannot be bought at the cost of other peoples freedom.

　　in the recent national election there was no substantial difference between the two great parties in respect to that national policy. no issue was fought out on this line before the american electorate. and today it is abundantly evident that american citizens everywhere are demanding and supporting speedy and complete action in recognition of obvious danger.

夜上海论坛　　therefore, the immediate need is a swift and driving increase in our armament production. leaders of industry and labor have responded to our summons. goals of speed have been set. in some cases these goals are being reached ahead of time. in some cases we are on schedule; in other cases there are slight but not serious delays. and in some cases -- and, i am sorry to say, very important cases -- we are all concerned by the slowness of the accomplishment of our plans.

　　the army and navy, however, have made substantial progress during the past year. actual experience is improving and speeding up our methods of production with every passing day. and todays best is not good enough for tomorrow.

　　i am not satisfied with the progress thus far made. the men in charge of the program represent the best in training, in ability, and in patriotism. they are not satisfied with the progress thus far made. none of us will be satisfied until the job is done.

夜上海论坛　　no matter whether the original goal was set too high or too low, our objective is quicker and better results.

　　to give you two illustrations:

　　we are behind schedule in turning out finished airplanes. we are working day and night to solve the innumerable problems and to catch up.

夜上海论坛　　we are ahead of schedule in building warships, but we are working to get even further ahead of that schedule.

夜上海论坛　　to change a whole nation from a basis of peacetime production of implements of peace to a basis of wartime production of implements of war is no small task. and the greatest difficulty comes at the beginning of the program, when new tools, new plant facilities, new assembly lines, new shipways must first be constructed before the actual material begins to flow steadily and speedily from them.

　　the congress of course, must rightly keep itself informed at all times夜上海论坛 of the progress of the program. however, there is certain information, as the congress itself will readily recognize, which, in the interests of our own security and those of the nations that we are supporting, must of needs be kept in confidence.

　　new circumstances are constantly begetting new needs for our safety. i shall ask this congress for greatly increased new appropriations and authorizations to carry on what we have begun.

　　i also ask this congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with aggressor nations. our most useful and immediate role is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves. they do not need manpower, but they do need billions of dollars’ worth of the weapons of defense.

夜上海论坛　　the time is near when they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash. we cannot, and we will not, tell them that they must surrender merely because of present inability to pay for the weapons which we know they must have.

夜上海论坛　　i do not recommend that we make them a loan of dollars with which to pay for these weapons -- a loan to be repaid in dollars. i recommend that we make it possible for those nations to continue to obtain war materials in the united states, fitting their orders into our own program. and nearly all of their material would, if the time ever came, be useful in our own defense.

　　taking counsel of expert military and naval authorities, considering what is best for our own security, we are free to decide how much should be kept here and how much should be sent abroad to our friends who, by their determined and heroic resistance, are giving us time in which to make ready our own defense.

夜上海论坛　　for what we send abroad we shall be repaid, repaid within a reasonable time following the close of hostilities, repaid in similar materials, or at our option in other goods of many kinds which they can produce and which we need.

夜上海论坛　　let us say to the democracies: "we americans are vitally concerned in your defense of freedom. we are putting forth our energies, our resources, and our organizing powers to give you the strength to regain and maintain a free world. we shall send you in ever-increasing numbers, ships, planes, tanks, guns. that is our purpose and our pledge."

夜上海论坛　　in fulfillment of this purpose we will not be intimidated by the threats of dictators that they will regard as a breach of international law or as an act of war our aid to the democracies which dare to resist their aggression. such aid -- such aid is not an act of war, even if a dictator should unilaterally proclaim it so to be.

夜上海论坛　　and when the dictators -- if the dictators -- are ready to make war upon us, they will not wait for an act of war on our part.

　　they did not wait for norway or belgium or the netherlands to commit an act of war. their only interest is in a new one-way international law, which lacks mutuality in its observance and therefore becomes an instrument of oppression. the happiness of future generations of americans may well depend on how effective and how immediate we can make our aid felt. no one can tell the exact character of the emergency situations that we may be called upon to meet. the nations hands must not be tied when the nations life is in danger.

　　yes, and we must prepare, all of us prepare, to make the sacrifices that the emergency -- almost as serious as war itself -- demands. whatever stands in the way of speed and efficiency in defense, in defense preparations of any kind, must give way to the national need.

　　a free nation has the right to expect full cooperation from all groups. a free nation has the right to look to the leaders of business, of labor, and of agriculture to take the lead in stimulating effort, not among other groups but within their own group.

　　the best way of dealing with the few slackers or trouble-makers in our midst is, first, to shame them by patriotic example, and if that fails, to use the sovereignty of government to save government.

夜上海论坛　　as men do not live by bread alone, they do not fight by armaments alone. those who man our defenses and those behind them who build our defenses must have the stamina and the courage which come from unshakable belief in the manner of life which they are defending. the mighty action that we are calling for cannot be based on a disregard of all the things worth fighting for.

夜上海论坛　　the nation takes great satisfaction and much strength from the things which have been done to make its people conscious of their individual stake in the preservation of democratic life in america. those things have toughened the fiber of our people, have renewed their faith and strengthened their devotion to the institutions we make ready to protect.

　　certainly this is no time for any of us to stop thinking about the social and economic problems which are the root cause of the social revolution which is today a supreme factor in the world. for there is nothing mysterious about the foundations of a healthy and strong democracy.

　　the basic things expected by our people of their political and economic systems are simple. they are:

　　equality of opportunity for youth and for others.

夜上海论坛　　jobs for those who can work.

夜上海论坛　　security for those who need it.

　　the ending of special privilege for the few.

　　the preservation of civil liberties for all.

夜上海论坛　　the enjoyment -- the enjoyment of the fruits of scientific progress in a wider and constantly rising standard of living.

夜上海论坛　　these are the simple, the basic things that must never be lost sight of in the turmoil and unbelievable complexity of our modern world. the inner and abiding strength of our economic and political systems is dependent upon the degree to which they fulfill these expectations.

　　many subjects connected with our social economy call for immediate improvement. as examples:

夜上海论坛　　we should bring more citizens under the coverage of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.

　　we should widen the opportunities for adequate medical care.

　　we should plan a better system by which persons deserving or needing gainful employment may obtain it.

夜上海论坛　　i have called for personal sacrifice, and i am assured of the willingness of almost all americans to respond to that call. a part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. in my budget message i will recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying for today. no person should try, or be allowed to get rich out of the program, and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.

　　if the congress maintains these principles the voters, putting patriotism ahead pocketbooks, will give you their applause.

　　in the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.

　　the first is freedom of speech and expression -- everywhere in the world.

　　the second is freedom of every person to worship god in his own way -- everywhere in the world.

　　the third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -- everywhere in the world.

　　the fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor -- anywhere in the world.

夜上海论坛　　that is no vision of a distant millennium. it is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. that kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called “new order” of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.

　　to that new order we oppose the greater conception -- the moral order. a good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.

　　since the beginning of our american history we have been engaged in change, in a perpetual, peaceful revolution, a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly, adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch. the world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.

　　this nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women, and its faith in freedom under the guidance of god. freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them. our strength is our unity of purpose.

夜上海论坛　　to that high concept there can be no end save victory.

　　罗斯福原版英文演讲稿 3

　　my friends:

　　this is not a fireside chat on war. it is a talk on national security; because the nub of the whole purpose of your president is to keep you now, and your children later, and your grandchildren much later, out of a last-ditch war for the preservation of american independence, and all of the things that american independence means to you and to me and to ours.

夜上海论坛　　tonight, in the presence of a world crisis, my mind goes back eight years to a night in the midst of a domestic crisis. it was a time when the wheels of american industry were grinding to a full stop, when the whole banking system of our country had ceased to function. i well remember that while i sat in my study in the white house, preparing to talk with the people of the united states, i had before my eyes the picture of all those americans with whom i was talking. i saw the workmen in the mills, the mines, the factories, the girl behind the counter, the small shopkeeper, the farmer doing his spring plowing, the widows and the old men wondering about their lifes savings. i tried to convey to the great mass of american people what the banking crisis meant to them in their daily lives.

夜上海论坛　　tonight, i want to do the same thing, with the same people, in this new crisis which faces america. we met the issue of 1933 with courage and realism. we face this new crisis, this new threat to the security of our nation, with the same courage and realism. never before since jamestown and plymouth rock has our american civilization been in such danger as now. for on september 27th, 1940 -- this year -- by an agreement signed in berlin, three powerful nations, two in europe and one in asia, joined themselves together in the threat that if the united states of america interfered with or blocked the expansion program of these three nations -- a program aimed at world control -- they would unite in ultimate action against the united states.

　　the nazi masters of germany have made it clear that they intend not only to dominate all life and thought in their own country, but also to enslave the whole of europe, and then to use the resources of europe to dominate the rest of the world. it was only three weeks ago that their leader stated this: "there are two worlds that stand opposed to each other." and then in defiant reply to his opponents he said this: "others are correct when they say: with this world we cannot ever reconcile ourselves. i can beat any other power in the world." so said the leader of the nazis.

　　in other words, the axis not merely admits but the axis proclaims that there can be no ultimate peace between their philosophy -- their philosophy of government -- and our philosophy of government. in view of the nature of this undeniable threat, it can be asserted, properly and categorically, that the united states has no right or reason to encourage talk of peace until the day shall come when there is a clear intention on the part of the aggressor nations to abandon all thought of dominating or conquering the world.

夜上海论坛　　at this moment the forces of the states that are leagued against all peoples who live in freedom are being held away from our shores. the germans and the italians are being blocked on the other side of the atlantic by the british and by the greeks, and by thousands of soldiers and sailors who were able to escape from subjugated countries. in asia the japanese are being engaged by the chinese nation in another great defense. in the pacific ocean is our fleet.

　　some of our people like to believe that wars in europe and in asia are of no concern to us. but it is a matter of most vital concern to us that european and asiatic war-makers should not gain control of the oceans which lead to this hemisphere. one hundred and seventeen years ago the monroe doctrine was conceived by our government as a measure of defense in the face of a threat against this hemisphere by an alliance in continental europe. thereafter, we stood guard in the atlantic, with the british as neighbors. there was no treaty. there was no "unwritten agreement." and yet there was the feeling, proven correct by history, that we as neighbors could settle any disputes in peaceful fashion. and the fact is that during the whole of this time the western hemisphere has remained free from aggression from europe or from asia.

　　does anyone seriously believe that we need to fear attack anywhere in the americas while a free britain remains our most powerful naval neighbor in the atlantic? and does anyone seriously believe, on the other hand, that we could rest easy if the axis powers were our neighbors there? if great britain goes down, the axis powers will control the continents of europe, asia, africa, austral-asia, and the high seas. and they will be in a position to bring enormous military and naval resources against this hemisphere. it is no exaggeration to say that all of us in all the americas would be living at the point of a gun -- a gun loaded with explosive bullets, economic as well as military. we should enter upon a new and terrible era in which the whole world, our hemisphere included, would be run by threats of brute force. and to survive in such a world, we would have to convert ourselves permanently into a militaristic power on the basis of war economy.

　　some of us like to believe that even if britain falls, we are still safe, because of the broad expanse of the atlantic and of the pacific. but the width of those oceans is not what it was in the days of clipper ships. at one point between africa and brazil the distance is less than it is from washington to denver, colorado, five hours for the latest type of bomber. and at the north end of the pacific ocean, america and asia almost touch each other. why, even today we have planes that could fly from the british isles to new england and back again without refueling. and remember that the range of the modern bomber is ever being increased.

　　during the past week many people in all parts of the nation have told me what they wanted me to say tonight. almost all of them expressed a courageous desire to hear the plain truth about the gravity of the situation. one telegram, however, expressed the attitude of the small minority who want to see no evil and hear no evil, even though they know in their hearts that evil exists. that telegram begged me not to tell again of the ease with which our american cities could be bombed by any hostile power which had gained bases in this western hemisphere. the gist of that telegram was: "please, mr. president, dont frighten us by telling us the facts." frankly and definitely there is danger ahead -- danger against which we must prepare. but we well know that we cannot escape danger, or the fear of danger, by crawling into bed and pulling the covers over our heads.

夜上海论坛　　some nations of europe were bound by solemn nonintervention pacts with germany. other nations were assured by germany that they need never fear invasion. nonintervention pact or not, the fact remains that they were attacked, overrun, thrown into modern slavery at an hours notice -- or even without any notice at all. as an exiled leader of one of these nations said to me the other day, "the notice was a minus quantity. it was given to my government two hours after german troops had poured into my country in a hundred places." the fate of these nations tells us what it means to live at the point of a nazi gun.

夜上海论坛　　the nazis have justified such actions by various pious frauds. one of these frauds is the claim that they are occupying a nation for the purpose of "restoring order." another is that they are occupying or controlling a nation on the excuse that they are "protecting it" against the aggression of somebody else. for example, germany has said that she was occupying belgium to save the belgians from the british. would she then hesitate to say to any south american country: "we are occupying you to protect you from aggression by the united states"? belgium today is being used as an invasion base against britain, now fighting for its life. and any south american country, in nazi hands, would always constitute a jumping off place for german attack on any one of the other republics of this hemisphere.

　　analyze for yourselves the future of two other places even nearer to germany if the nazis won. could ireland hold out? would irish freedom be permitted as an amazing pet exception in an unfree world? or the islands of the azores, which still fly the flag of portugal after five centuries? you and i think of hawaii as an outpost of defense in the pacific. and yet the azores are closer to our shores in the atlantic than hawaii is on the other side.

夜上海论坛　　there are those who say that the axis powers would never have any desire to attack the western hemisphere. that is the same dangerous form of wishful thinking which has destroyed the powers of resistance of so many conquered peoples. the plain facts are that the nazis have proclaimed, time and again, that all other races are their inferiors and therefore subject to their orders. and most important of all, the vast resources and wealth of this american hemisphere constitute the most tempting loot in all of the round world.

　　let us no longer blind ourselves to the undeniable fact that the evil forces which have crushed and undermined and corrupted so many others are already within our own gates. your government knows much about them and every day is ferreting them out. their secret emissaries are active in our own and in neighboring countries. they seek to stir up suspicion and dissension, to cause internal strife. they try to turn capital against labor, and vice versa. they try to reawaken long slumbering racial and religious enmities which should have no place in this country. they are active in every group that promotes intolerance. they exploit for their own ends our own natural abhorrence of war. these trouble-breeders have but one purpose. it is to divide our people, to divide them into hostile groups and to destroy our unity and shatter our will to defend ourselves.

　　there are also american citizens, many of them in high places, who, unwittingly in most cases, are aiding and abetting the work of these agents. i do not charge these american citizens with being foreign agents. but i do charge them with doing exactly the kind of work that the dictators want done in the united states. these people not only believe that we can save our own skins by shutting our eyes to the fate of other nations. some of them go much further than that. they say that we can and should become the friends and even the partners of the axis powers. some of them even suggest that we should imitate the methods of the dictatorships. but americans never can and never will do that.

夜上海论坛　　the experience of the past two years has proven beyond doubt that no nation can appease the nazis. no man can tame a tiger into a kitten by stroking it. there can be no appeasement with ruthlessness. there can be no reasoning with an incendiary bomb. we know now that a nation can have peace with the nazis only at the price of total surrender. even the people of italy have been forced to become accomplices of the nazis; but at this moment they do not know how soon they will be embraced to death by their allies.

夜上海论坛　　the american appeasers ignore the warning to be found in the fate of austria, czechoslovakia, poland, norway, belgium, the netherlands, denmark, and france. they tell you that the axis powers are going to win anyway; that all of this bloodshed in the world could be saved, that the united states might just as well throw its influence into the scale of a dictated peace and get the best out of it that we can. they call it a "negotiated peace." nonsense! is it a negotiated peace if a gang of outlaws surrounds your community and on threat of extermination makes you pay tribute to save your own skins? for such a dictated peace would be no peace at all. it would be only another armistice, leading to the most gigantic armament race and the most devastating trade wars in all history. and in these contests the americas would offer the only real resistance to the axis power. with all their vaunted efficiency, with all their parade of pious purpose in this war, there are still in their background the concentration camp and the servants of god in chains.

　　the history of recent years proves that the shootings and the chains and the concentration camps are not simply the transient tools but the very altars of modern dictatorships. they may talk of a "new order" in the world, but what they have in mind is only a revival of the oldest and the worst tyranny. in that there is no liberty, no religion, no hope. the proposed "new order" is the very opposite of a united states of europe or a united states of asia. it is not a government based upon the consent of the governed. it is not a union of ordinary, self-respecting men and women to protect themselves and their freedom and their dignity from oppression. it is an unholy alliance of power and pelf to dominate and to enslave the human race.

　　the british people and their allies today are conducting an active war against this unholy alliance. our own future security is greatly dependent on the outcome of that fight. our ability to "keep out of war" is going to be affected by that outcome. thinking in terms of today and tomorrow, i make the direct statement to the american people that there is far less chance of the united states getting into war if we do all we can now to support the nations defending themselves against attack by the axis than if we acquiesce in their defeat, submit tamely to an axis victory, and wait our turn to be the object of attack in another war later on.

　　if we are to be completely honest with ourselves, we must admit that there is risk in any course we may take. but i deeply believe that the great majority of our people agree that the course that i advocate involves the least risk now and the greatest hope for world peace in the future.

　　the people of europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. they ask us for the implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters which will enable them to fight for their liberty and for our security. emphatically, we must get these weapons to them, get them to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough so that we and our children will be saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure.

　　let not the defeatists tell us that it is too late. it will never be earlier. tomorrow will be later than today.

　　certain facts are self-evident.

　　in a military sense great britain and the british empire are today the spearhead of resistance to world conquest. and they are putting up a fight which will live forever in the story of human gallantry. there is no demand for sending an american expeditionary force outside our own borders. there is no intention by any member of your government to send such a force. you can therefore, nail, nail any talk about sending armies to europe as deliberate untruth. our national policy is not directed toward war. its sole purpose is to keep war away from our country and away from our people.

夜上海论坛　　democracys fight against world conquest is being greatly aided, and must be more greatly aided, by the rearmament of the united states and by sending every ounce and every ton of munitions and supplies that we can possibly spare to help the defenders who are in the front lines. and it is no more un-neutral for us to do that than it is for sweden, russia, and other nations near germany to send steel and ore and oil and other war materials into germany every day in the week.

　　we are planning our own defense with the utmost urgency, and in its vast scale we must integrate the war needs of britain and the other free nations which are resisting aggression. this is not a matter of sentiment or of controversial personal opinion. it is a matter of realistic, practical military policy, based on the advice of our military experts who are in close touch with existing warfare. these military and naval experts and the members of the congress and the administration have a single-minded purpose: the defense of the united states.

　　this nation is making a great effort to produce everything that is necessary in this emergency, and with all possible speed. and this great effort requires great sacrifice. i would ask no one to defend a democracy which in turn would not defend every one in the nation against want and privation. the strength of this nation shall not be diluted by the failure of the government to protect the economic well-being of its citizens. if our capacity to produce is limited by machines, it must ever be remembered that these machines are operated by the skill and the stamina of the workers.

　　as the government is determined to protect the rights of the workers, so the nation has a right to expect that the men who man the machines will discharge their full responsibilities to the urgent needs of defense. the worker possesses the same human dignity and is entitled to the same security of position as the engineer or the manager or the owner. for the workers provide the human power that turns out the destroyers, and the planes, and the tanks. the nation expects our defense industries to continue operation without interruption by strikes or lockouts. it expects and insists that management and workers will reconcile their differences by voluntary or legal means, to continue to produce the supplies that are so sorely needed. and on the economic side of our great defense program, we are, as you know, bending every effort to maintain stability of prices and with that the stability of the cost of living.

夜上海论坛　　nine days ago i announced the setting up of a more effective organization to direct our gigantic efforts to increase the production of munitions. the appropriation of vast sums of money and a well-coordinated executive direction of our defense efforts are not in themselves enough. guns, planes, ships and many other things have to be built in the factories and the arsenals of america. they have to be produced by workers and managers and engineers with the aid of machines which in turn have to be built by hundreds of thousands of workers throughout the land. in this great work there has been splendid cooperation between the government and industry and labor. and i am very thankful.

　　american industrial genius, unmatched throughout all the world in the solution of production problems, has been called upon to bring its resources and its talents into action. manufacturers of watches, of farm implements, of linotypes and cash registers and automobiles, and sewing machines and lawn mowers and locomotives, are now making fuses and bomb packing crates and telescope mounts and shells and pistols and tanks.

　　but all of our present efforts are not enough. we must have more ships, more guns, more planes -- more of everything. and this can be accomplished only if we discard the notion of "business as usual." this job cannot be done merely by superimposing on the existing productive facilities the added requirements of the nation for defense. our defense efforts must not be blocked by those who fear the future consequences of surplus plant capacity. the possible consequences of failure of our defense efforts now are much more to be feared. and after the present needs of our defense are past, a proper handling of the countrys peacetime needs will require all of the new productive capacity, if not still more. no pessimistic policy about the future of america shall delay the immediate expansion of those industries essential to defense. we need them.

　　i want to make it clear that it is the purpose of the nation to build now with all possible speed every machine, every arsenal, every factory that we need to manufacture our defense material. we have the men, the skill, the wealth, and above all, the will. i am confident that if and when production of consumer or luxury goods in certain industries requires the use of machines and raw materials that are essential for defense purposes, then such production must yield, and will gladly yield, to our primary and compelling purpose.

　　so i appeal to the owners of plants, to the managers, to the workers, to our own government employees to put every ounce of effort into producing these munitions swiftly and without stint. with this appeal i give you the pledge that all of us who are officers of your government will devote ourselves to the same whole-hearted extent to the great task that lies ahead.

夜上海论坛　　as planes and ships and guns and shells are produced, your government, with its defense experts, can then determine how best to use them to defend this hemisphere. the decision as to how much shall be sent abroad and how much shall remain at home must be made on the basis of our overall military necessities.

　　we must be the great arsenal of democracy.

夜上海论坛　　for us this is an emergency as serious as war itself. we must apply ourselves to our task with the same resolution, the same sense of urgency, the same spirit of patriotism and sacrifice as we would show were we at war.

　　we have furnished the british great material support and we will furnish far more in the future. there will be no "bottlenecks" in our determination to aid great britain. no dictator, no combination of dictators, will weaken that determination by threats of how they will construe that determination. the british have received invaluable military support from the heroic greek army and from the forces of all the governments in exile. their strength is growing. it is the strength of men and women who value their freedom more highly than they value their lives.

　　i believe that the axis powers are not going to win this war. i base that belief on the latest and best of information.

夜上海论坛　　we have no excuse for defeatism. we have every good reason for hope -- hope for peace, yes, and hope for the defense of our civilization and for the building of a better civilization in the future. i have the profound conviction that the american people are now determined to put forth a mightier effort than they have ever yet made to increase our production of all the implements of defense, to meet the threat to our democratic faith.

　　罗斯福原版英文演讲稿 5

　　president hoover, mr. chief justice, my friends:

夜上海论坛　　this is a day of national consecration. and i am certain that on this day my fellow americans expect that on my induction into the presidency, i will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.

　　this is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. this great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.

夜上海论坛　　so, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. in every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. and i am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

　　in such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. they concern, thank god, only material things. values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. more important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

夜上海论坛　　and yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. we are stricken by no plague of locusts. compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.

　　primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankinds goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

夜上海论坛　　true, they have tried. but their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. they only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. they have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.

　　yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. we may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. the measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.

夜上海论坛　　happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. the joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. these dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

夜上海论坛　　recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.

　　restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. this nation is asking for action, and action now.

夜上海论坛　　our greatest primary task is to put people to work. this is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. it can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.

夜上海论坛　　hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

　　yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. it can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. it can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. it can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. it can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. there are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.

夜上海论坛　　we must act. we must act quickly.

　　and finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. there must be an end to speculation with other peoples money. and there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

　　these, my friends, are the lines of attack. i shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and i shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 states.

　　through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. i favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. i shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

　　the basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. it is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the united states of america -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the american spirit of the pioneer. it is the way to recovery. it is the immediate way. it is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.

　　in the field of world policy, i would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.

　　if i read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.

　　we are, i know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. this, i propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

　　with this pledge taken, i assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.

　　action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. our constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.

　　it has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. and it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. but it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.

　　i am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. these measures, or such other measures as the congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, i shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

夜上海论坛　　but, in the event that the congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, i shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. i shall ask the congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

　　for the trust reposed in me, i will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. i can do no less.

夜上海论坛　　we face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

夜上海论坛　　we do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. the people of the united states have not failed. in their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. they have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. they have made me the present instrument of their wishes. in the spirit of the gift i take it.

　　in this dedication -- in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessing of god.

夜上海论坛　　may he protect each and every one of us.

　　may he guide me in the days to come.

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